Resources

• Abraham, Arthur. 1974. “Women chiefs in Sierra Leone: a historical reappraisal.” Odù: Journal of Yoruba and Related Studies 10: 30–44.

 

• Addo Dankwa, Oseadeeyo. 2004. The institution of chieftaincy in Ghana – the future. Accra: Gold Type Ltd.

 

• Adjei Mensah, Collins, Kwabena Barima Antwi, and Suleman Dauda. 2014. “Female traditional leaders (queen mothers) and community planning and development in Ghana.” Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 3 (1): 205–220. https://doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v3i1.5142.

 

• Ametewee, Lynnette. 2019. “A systematic review of queen mother’s roles in Sub-Saharan Africa regarding women and children’s health and education.” In Workshop on the Ostrom Workshop (WOW) 6, Indiana University, Bloomington, June 19-21, 2019.

 

• Assanful, Vincent. 2019. “He who gives power takes away power: the role of the Ohemaa in Akan chieftaincy.” Ghana Journal of Religion and Theology 9 (1): 105–121.

 

• Bauer, Gretchen. 2016. “‘What is wrong with a woman being chief?’ Women chiefs and symbolic and substantive representation in Botswana.” Journal of Asian and African Studies 51 (2): 222–237. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909614545700.

 

• Bennett, Bruce. 2019. “Women chiefs and pre-colonial Tswana patriarchy.” Botswana Notes and Records 51: 38–48.

 

• Boateng, Nana A. 1992. “The changing role of queen mothers in the Akan polity.” Research Review 8 (1–2): 90–100.

 

• Brobbey, Stephen. 2008. The law of chieftaincy in Ghana. Accra: Advanced Legal Publications.

 

• Brydon, Lynne. 1996. “Women chiefs and power in the Volta region of Ghana.” Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 28 (37-38): 227-247. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.1996.10756481.

 

• Chauke, Mkhacani T. 2015. “The role of women in traditional leadership with special reference to the Valoyi tribe.” Studies of Tribes and Tribals 13 (1): 34–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972639x.2015.11886709.

 

• Cohen, Ronald. 1977. “Oedipus rex and regina: the queen mother in Africa.” Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 47 (1): 14–30. https://doi.org/10.2307/1159191.

 

• Day, Lynda R. “The female chiefs of the Mende 1885-1977: tracing the evolution of an indigenous political institution.” PhD diss. University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1988.

 

• Day, Lynda R. 1994. “The evolution of female chiefship during the late nineteenth-century wars of the Mende.” The International Journal of African Historical Studies 27 (3): 481–503. https://doi.org/10.2307/220756.

 

• Day, Lynda R. 2007. “Nyarroh of Bandasuma, 1885-1914: a re-interpretation of female chieftaincy in Sierra Leone.” Journal of African History 48 (3): 415–37. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853707003258.

 

• Day, Lynda R. 2015. “Women chiefs and post war reconstruction in Sierra Leone.” African and Asian Studies 14 (1–2): 19–39. https://doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341328.

 

• Day, Lynda. 2012. “Women chiefs during the nineteenth-century wars of trade, expansion, and state building.” In Gender and power in Sierra Leone, 65–94. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230337923_4.

 

• Day, Lynda. 2012. “Women chiefs in building the independent state.” In Gender and power in Sierra Leone, 119–146. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230337923_6.

 

• Drah, Bright B. 2014. “‘Older women’, customary obligations and orphan foster caregiving: the case of queen mothers in Manya Klo, Ghana.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 29 (2): 211–229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-014-9232-y.

 

• Drah, Bright B. 2014. “Queen mothers, NGOs, and orphans: transformations in traditional women’s political organization in an era of HIV and orphanhood in Manya Klo, Ghana.” Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift 68 (1): 10–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2013.871331.

 

• Easmon, Macormack C. F. 1958. “Madam Yoko, ruler of the Mendi confederacy.” Sierra Leone Studies 11: 165–168.

 

• Farrar, Tarikhu. 1997. “The queen mother, matriarchy, and the question of female political authority in precolonial West African monarchy.” Journal of Black Studies 27 (5): 579–597. https://doi.org/10.1177/002193479702700501.

 

• Højbjerg, Christian K, Jacqueline Knörr, and Anita Schroven. 2013. “The interaction of global and local models of governance: new configurations of power in upper Guinea coast societies.” Working Paper 149, Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle.

 

• Kreitzer, Linda. 2005. “Queen mothers and social workers: a potential collaboration between traditional authority and social work in Ghana.” Chieftain: The Journal of Traditional Governance 1: 1–43.

 

• LaFraniere, Sharon. 2004. “A tribe in Botswana follows a leader called woman.” New York Times. Accessed 11 July 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/11/world/africa/a-tribe-in-botswana-follows-a-leader-called-woman.html#:~:text=RAMOTSWA%2C Botswana – MOSADI Seboko’s first,it means simply %22woman.%22.

 

• Logan, Carolyn. 2008. “Traditional leaders in modern Africa: can democracy and the chief co-exist?” Working Paper 93, Institute for Democracy in South Africa, Cape Town.

 

• Manuh, Takyiwaa. 1988. “The Asantehemaa’s court and its jurisdiction over women: a study in legal pluralism.” Research Review 4 (2): 50–66.

 

• “National house of chiefs admits women paramount chiefs.” 2013. Ghana News Agency. 2013. https://www.modernghana.com/news/504581/national-house-of-chief-admits-women-paramount.html.

 

• Odame, Felicia Safoa. 2013. “Ghanaian traditional women leaders and sustainable development: the case of Nadowli districts in northern part of Ghana.” European Scientific Journal 10 (14): 380–398. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2205435.

 

• Owusu-Mensah, Isaac. 2015. “Promoting local governance in Ghana: the role of Akan queen mothers.” Journal of Pan African Studies 8 (9): 98–115.

 

• Owusu-Mensah, Isaac, William Asante, and W. Osew. 2015. “Queen mothers: the unseen hands in chieftaincy conflicts among the Akan in Ghana: myth or reality?” Journal of Pan African Studies 8 (6): 1–16.

 

• Oyěwùmí, Oyèrónké. 1997. The invention of women: making an African sense of western gender discourses. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

 

• Różalska, Monika. 2016. “Between tradition and modernity – the role of chiefs in the national development and local governance in Ghana.” Politeja 13 (42): 379–401. https://doi.org/10.12797/politeja.13.2016.42.21.

 

• “Sierra Leone court backs woman chief bid.” 2010. BBC. 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8569943.stm.

 

• Steegstra, Marijke. 2009. “Krobo queen mothers: gender, power, and contemporary female traditional authority in Ghana.” Africa Today 55 (3): 105–123. https://doi.org/10.2979/aft.2009.55.3.104.

 

• Stoeltje, Beverly J. 1997. “Asante queen mothers. A study in female authority.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 810 (1): 41–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48124.x.

 

• Weir, Jennifer. 2006. “Chiefly women and women’s leadership in pre-colonial southern Africa.” In Women in South African history: they remove boulders and cross rivers, edited by Gasa Nomboniso, 3–20. Cape Town: HSRC Press.